Is there a place for nonbiological drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?
نویسندگان
چکیده
Postupci u bolesnika s aktivnim reumatoidnim artritisom (RA) obično počinju temeljitom procjenom svih tegoba bolesnika, fi zičkim pregledom i laboratorijskim testovima. Osnovni ciljevi i smjernice liječenja reumatoidnog artritisa jesu sprječavanje oštećenja zgloba, sprječavanje gubitka funkcije, smanjenje boli i poboljšanje kvalitete života. Krajnji cilj liječenja je postići remisiju bolesti. Ti se ciljevi mogu postići medikamentoznom terapijom, fi zikalnom i radnom terapijom, a kada zataje sve prethodne metode, ili ako nastupe neke teže posljedice bolesti, mogu se koristiti i kirurške metode za saniranje nastalih promjena na zglobovima i tetivama. Biološki lijekovi primjenjuju se u bolesnika u kojih se konvencionalnim lijekovima ne postiže zadovoljavajući učinak, nakon što je sprovedena standardna terapija kortikosteroidima, metotreksatom, lefl unomidom ili sulfasalazinom. Daje se bolesnicima koji imaju visoku aktivnost bolesti, uz uvjet da nemaju kardiovaskularnih problema, akutne virusne infekcije ili bacil tuberkuloze. Primjenom bioloških lijekova postiže se bolji odgovor, usporava se destrukcija kosti, veći broj bolesnika ulazi u remisiju. Na tržištu se nalaze sljedeći biološki lijekovi: inhibitori citokina TNF (faktor nekroze tumora) koji je važan stimulator upale u zglobovima i sinoviji kod bolesnika s reumatoidnim artritisom, antagonisti IL1 receptora anakinra te anti CD20 Ig rituksimab i inhibitor aktivacije T limfocita abatacept. Djelotvornost bioloških lijekova potiče entuzijazam za njihovu primjenu, međutim treba biti svjestan rizika njihove primjene. Nuspojave biološke terapije su: infekcije, tbc, reaktivacija hepatitisa B, limfomi, demijelinizacija, hematološki poremećaji, lokalne reakcije, kardijalna dekompezacija, egzacerbacija KOPB-a. Medicinska sestra mora biti kompetentna za primjenu biološke terapije, educirati bolesnika za samostalnu primjenu lijeka, po potrebi uključiti i obitelj. Bolesnik treba biti upoznat s rizicima liječenja, redovito dolaziti na kontrole i prijaviti svaku infekciju. Ključne riječi: biološki lijekovi; reumatoidni artritis; nuspojave; kompetencija; medicinska sestra Sažetak
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عنوان ژورنال:
- Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease
دوره 2 6 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2010